Contesto generale La novella di Cisti il fornaio è la seconda della sesta giornata del Decameron di Boccaccio. In questa giornata, tutte le novelle hanno un tema comune: il modo elegante e intelligente (con arte e garbo) con cui i personaggi riescono a rispondere a situazioni difficili, spesso grazie all’arguzia, alla prontezza di spirito o all’uso sapiente delle parole (i cosiddetti “motti”). La narratrice è Pampinea, una delle sette giovani protagoniste del Decameron, che introduce la novella con una riflessione: a volte la natura e la fortuna premiano persone di umili origini, dotandole di un'anima nobile e virtuosa, proprio come accade a Cisti. Trama in breve Cisti è un fornaio fiorentino, quindi un uomo del popolo, ma di grande eleganza, educazione e intelligenza. Egli possiede un ottimo vino bianco, che desidera offrire a Geri Spina, un nobile fiorentino che ogni giorno passa davanti alla sua bottega insieme agli ambasciatori di papa Bonifacio VIII. Cisti però sa che, ...
The collected edition of Shakespeare's plays came out in 1623, after the poet's death.
This first edition is traditionally called The First Folio, which contains 36 plays sorted by literary genre: comedies, historical plays and tragedies.
In according to plays, we may divided Shakespeare's career into four periods:
- the years of apprenticeship;
- the history plays and love comedies;
- the great tragedies and the dark comedies;
- the romances.
In the first phase he experimented with all the major dramatic genres:
- history plays: they treat events of English history (Henry VI, Richard III);
- tragedy of horror: he took as a model to follow Seneca's Latin tragedies (an example is Romeo and Juliet);
- refined love comedy (The two gentlemen of Verona).
In the second phase of his career, Shakespeare wrote the history plays and the love comedies.
Shakespeare's history plays treat politics as an eternal struggle for power, love and property. They set in a crucial period of English history: from the latter part part of the 14th century to the Wars of the Roses.
In the early love comedies, Shakespeare explored the psychological of love and human relationships and he used a language very simple and obvious (The Merchant of Venice, As you like it).
In the third phase of his career, he wrote a series of great plays: Julius Caesar, Hamlet, Othello, King Lear and Macbeth.
They show a deeply pessimistic view of life and deal with characters, who occupy the highest positions in society: kings, queens, princes and commanders.
Shakespeares wrote about the faults, contradictions and weaknesses of human nature at the highest possible level.
In the same period Shakespeare wrote dark comedies.
They are balanced between comedy and tragedy: they show the ambiguities inherent in such feelings as love and friendship (Troilus and Cressida).
Shakespeare's career last phase is characterized by a return to the romantic drama in a completely new spirit.
The romantic comedies show a Shakespeare finally reconciled to human nature: order and harmony were achieved through the love and understanding of the younger as opposed to the older generations.
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