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Dubliners by J.Joyce (riferimento a 'Eveline' e 'The dead')

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“Dubliners” is a collection of fifteen short stories written by James Joyce in which the author analyses the failure of self-realisation of inhabitants of Dublin in biographical and in psychological ways. The novel was originally turned down by publishers because they considered it immoral for its portrait of the Irish city. Joyce treats in “Dubliners” the paralysis of will in four stages: childhood, youth, maturity and public life. The paralysis of will is the courage and self-knowledge that leads ordinary men and women to accept the limitations imposed by the social context they live in. In “Dubliners” the style is both realistic - to the degree of perfectly recreating characters and idioms of contemporary Dublin - and symbolic – giving the common object unforeseen depth and a new meaning in order to show a new view of reality. Joyce defines this effect “epiphany” which indicates that moment when a simple fact suddenly explodes with meaning and makes a person realise his / her condi
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James Joyce

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James Joyce was born in 1882 in Dublin into a middle class Catholic family. His father was a supporter of Charles Parnell, the leader of the movement for Home Rule for Ireland (to learn more about “the free State of Ireland” go to the end of this post).
Joyce attended two Jesuit schools, then went on to study modern languages at University College in Dublin, where he graduated. Finding life in Ireland an obstacle to his own artistic development, in 1902 Joyce left Ireland in voluntary exile, living first in Paris, then to Pola in 1904 and, finally, in Trieste, where he wrote “Dubliners” and “A Portrait of the artist as a young man”.
When World War I broke out, Joyce went to Zurich where he started working on “Ulysses”. In 1920 he moved to Paris where “Ulysses” was published and Joyce wrote his last novel “Finnegans Wake”. When France was occupied by the Germans in 1940, Joyce returned to Zurich, where he died in 1941.
All of Joyce’s works are centred on Ireland and on the early 20th-century Dublin he knew. His self-imposed exile became necessary to give him the objective that James needed to write about Ireland with precise details and emotional and intellectual detachment.
Joyce’s novels show a similar shift from the particular (“Dubliners”) to universal (“Ulysses”), from the lyrical style of “A Portrait of the artist as a young man”, modelled on Homer’s “Odyssey” as its title implies.

Focus on the rise of the free State of Ireland

 
Charles Parnell

The road leading to Irish independence was very difficult: it was characterised by the rejection of a bill granting full political independence to Ireland, promoted by Charles Parnell, who is considered the “father of Irish independence”, and Prime Minister William Gladstone, and of two more Home Rule Bills.

In 1914 a third Home Rule Bill passed but the House of Commons deferred it until the end of World War I. Outraged at this decision, a revolt known as Dublin Easter Rising was organised by rebels which was put down by the British Army. The 14 rebels and their leader Patrick Pearse were beheaded.


This unsuccessful uprising was narrated by William Butler Yeats in his poem “Easter 1916”, which is so-called because this Irish revolt was organised on Easter Monday (1916). In this poem, Yeats describes his emotions regarding the Dublin Easter Rising and states that this revolt is a “terrible beauty” because the desire to remove Ireland from the sovereign of Great Britain was accompanied by a bloody massacre, which did not stop the Rising but power on it.

The war of Independence started in 1919, led by the IRA (Irish Republican Army) and Sinn Féin, the Irish nationalist party which did not join the British Parliament as they had done but met in the Dail. This war ended in 1921 with the establishment of the South Irish Free State.


However the Anglo-Irish treaty of 1921 recognized the sovereignty of the British Crown and excluded Northern Ireland from the Republic. So, a civil war broke out in which the IRA was divided into the Irish Free State Army, who accepted the treaty, and Irregulars, who were in favour of a united and republic Ireland. The civil war ended in 1931 and the new Prime Minister Eamon de Valera, elected in 1932, began to realise a project about the Republic of Ireland (Eire) which was officially created in 1937.
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Analisi del testo. Tre cose solamente mi so 'n grado di Cecco Angiolieri

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Testo Tre cose solamente mi so 'n grado, le quali posso non ben men fornire: ciò è la donna, la taverna e 'l dado; queste mi fanno 'l cuor lieto sentire. Ma sì me le conven usar di rado, ché la mie borsa mi mett'al mentire; e quando mi sovvien, tutto mi sbrado, ch'i' perdo per moneta 'l mie disire. E dico: – Dato li sia d'una lancia! – Ciò a mi' padre, che mi tien sì magro, che tornare' senza logro di Francia. Trarl'un denai' di man serìa più agro, la man di pasqua che si dà la mancia, che far pigliar la gru ad un bozzagro. Parafrasi Solamente tre cose mi piacciono delle quali, però, non posso disporre: cioè la donna, l'osteria e il gioco d'azzardo; queste cose rendono allegro il mio cuore. Purtroppo, posso permettermele di rado perché la mia borsa non mi consente di realizzare tutti i miei desideri; quando mi rendo conto di ciò, mi metto a sbraitare poiché per mancanza di denaro perdo il mio desiderio. Perciò, dico a me stesso ch
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Wars and social revolt in 14th century

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Agincourt battle In 1337, war between England and France broke out when Edward III claimed the vacant throne of France. One of the most famous victories in English history was achieved by Henry V at Agincourt. The conflict was interrupted by other tragic events such as the Bubonic plague or Black Death. Under Henry VI's reign, the French obtained spectacular victories thanks to Joan of Arc. In the end, the English kings had lost all their continental possessions. Opposition to the Church developed in the second half of the 14th century under the leadership of John Wycliffe, a member of Oxford University who attacked the supremacy of the Pope. From 1454 to 1485 there was a civil war between the two noble houses of York and Lancaster. It was called the War of the Roses because symbols of Lancaster and York families were respectively red rose and white rose. The war was won by Henry Tudor of the Lancastrian dynasty, and he became Henry VII of England.
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Comparison between Joyce's "Ulysses" and Woolf's "Mrs Dalloway"

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James Joyce (1882-1941) and Virginia Woolf (1882-1941) belonged to the first generation of Modernists and it’s possible to make a comparison between their literary production analyzing their masterpieces: Ulysses and Mrs Dalloway . Ulysses Ulysses is one of the greatest examples of reworking of myth in Modernist literature. Joyce uses the epic model to stress the lack of heroism, ideals, love and trust in the modern world. The plot utterly takes place in Dublin in a single day which involves the life of three characters: Leopold Bloom, an advertising agent, Sthephen Dedalus, a sensitive young man with literary ambitions, and Molly Bloom, Leopold’s wife. Leopold Bloom, compared to Homer’s Ulysses, makes common actions: he wanders throughout the day in the streets of Dublin making errands, stopping at the advertising office and joining a funeral. He is distressed with two deep emotional burdens: the unsolved grief over his baby son’s death and the crumbling relationship with his unfa
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The Ballad of Lord Randal

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Text "O where ha you been, Lord Randal, my son? And where ha you been, my handsome young man?” I ha been at the greenwood; mother, mak my bed soon, “For I’m wearied wi hunting and fain wad lie down.” “An wha met ye there, Lord Randal, my son? An wha met you there, my handsome young man?” “O I met wi my true-love; mother, mak my bed soon, “For I’m wearied wi hunting and fain wad lie down.” “And what did she give you, Lord Randal, my son? And what did she give you, my handsome young man?” “Eels fried in a pan; mother, mak my bed soon, “For I’m wearied wi hunting and fain wad lie down.” “An wha gat your leavins, Lord Randal my son? And wha gat your leavins, my handsome young man?” “ My hawks and my hounds; mother, mak my bed soon, “For I’m wearied wi hunting and fain wad lie down.” “And what becam of them, Lord Randal my son? And what becam of them, my handsome young man?” “ They stretched their legs out and died; mother, mak my bed soon, “For I’m wearied wi hunting and fain wad lie
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Giovanni Pascoli: Lavandare

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Testo Nel campo mezzo grigio e mezzo nero resta un aratro senza buoi che pare dimenticato, tra il vapor leggero. E cadenzato dalla gora viene lo sciabordare delle lavandare con tonfi spessi e lunghe cantilene: Il vento soffia e nevica la frasca, e tu non torni ancora al tuo paese, quando partisti, come son rimasta, come l’aratro in mezzo alla maggese. Analisi e commento Lavandare è un madrigale, ossia un componimento metrico breve a sfondo pastorale, scritto da Giovanni Pascoli ed appartenente alla raccolta Myricae . In questa raccolta l'autore parla della natura che ci circonda, la campagna e gli oggetti quotidiani, osservandoli con lo stupore e la meraviglia di un bambino. Essa incorpora componimenti brevi e lineari che illustrano quadretti di vita campestre che, circondandosi di un alone di mistero, evocano l'idea della morte. Questa caratteristica è presente in Lavandare , nella quale emergono i temi ricorrenti nelle poesie di Pascoli: l'abbandono e la solitudine. Il
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Analisi del testo. La vita fugge, et non s'arresta una hora di Francesco Petrarca

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Testo La vita fugge, et non s'arresta una hora, et la morte vien dietro a gran giornate, et le cose presenti et le passate mi dànno guerra, et le future anchora; e 'l rimembrare et l'aspettar m'accora, or quinci or quindi, sí che 'n veritate, se non ch'i' ò di me stesso pietate, i' sarei già di questi penser' fòra. Tornami avanti, s'alcun dolce mai ebbe 'l cor tristo; et poi da l'altra parte veggio al mio navigar turbati i vènti; veggio fortuna in porto, et stanco omai il mio nocchier, et rotte arbore et sarte, e i lumi bei che mirar soglio, spenti. Parafrasi La vita fugge e non si ferma nemmeno un'ora, e la morte arriva a marce forzate, e, pertanto, tormenta sia il presente che il passato ed anche il futuro; la mia anima è angosciata sia nel ricordo del passato che nell'attesa del futuro, per cui se ad impedirmelo non fosse la pietà che avverto per la mia anima, avrei posto fine alla mia esistenza. A consolarmi è il ricordo di qu
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I contributi a livello di poesia di Francesco Petrarca e Dante Alighieri a confronto

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  Francesco Petrarca: confronto con Dante Alighieri e i suoi importanti contributi alla nascita della poesia ed allo sviluppo ed alla diffusione della letteratura italiana in Europa   Francesco Petrarca e Dante Alighieri sono considerati insieme a Giovanni Boccaccio i padri fondatori della letteratura italiana ed è proprio in base alle tematiche ed ai canoni stilistici adottati dai tre poeti che si è sviluppata la stessa poesia. Le opere celebri dei due poeti sono degli esempi: la “Commedia” ( o “Divina Commedia” come l’ha rinomata Boccaccio in una delle sue “Letture della Commedia” ) rimane nella letteratura italiana un’opera inimitabile mentre il Canzoniere  è considerata l’opera più imitata tanto che dal Trecento fino ai primi anni del Novecento molti poeti si avvalgono di parecchi “petrarchismi”. La prima differenza che si può notare tra i due intellettuali è l’attenzione rivolta al mondo classico: Dante, uomo del Medioevo, non avverte alcun distacco tra il mondo di valori
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