Animal Farm , written by George Orwell , is a political fable that tells the story of a group of farm animals who rebel against their cruel human master, hoping to create a society where all animals are equal, free, and happy. Inspired by the dream of the wise old pig Old Major, the animals overthrow the farmer Mr. Jones and take control of the farm, renaming it Animal Farm. At first, the animals work together to build an egalitarian community based on the principles of Animalism, summarized in the Seven Commandments painted on the barn wall. However, over time, the pigs—led by the cunning and power-hungry Napoleon—begin to seize control. They gradually assume privileges, manipulate language and truth, and use fear and propaganda to maintain power. Eventually, they become indistinguishable from the humans they once overthrew. This allegory clearly reflects the events of the Russian Revolution of 1917 and the rise of Stalinism. The animals represent different social and political groups...
Ten days after Mary’s birth, her mother died. So, Mary grew up in an intellectual household with her father’s famous friends and among Godwin’s ideals.
Here, in 1814 she met Percy Bysshe Shelley, a poet and an ardent admirer of her father.
Percy B. Shelley was an important poet of the Romantic movement and was already
married at the time.
For this reason, her father was against their relationship and tried to keep the two lovers apart.
Therefore, when she found out she was pregnant, they ran off to Europe, but they had to return home due to lack of money.
In this period, Mary wrote History of a six weeks: Tour through part of France, Switzerland, Germany and Holland.
Once home, though, Shelley had to go into hiding to avoid ending up in a debtor’s prison and left Mary alone.
In 1815, Mary gave birth prematurely to a baby, who died two weeks later.
Then, Percy received a large annual retribution and the couple moved into a house on Bishopsgate Heath.
After the suicide of Percy’s wife, in 1816 Mary married Percy.
Next, the couple settled in Geneva and met Lord Byron. Here, Mary wrote her first and famous Gothic novel Frankenstein (1816-17).
This literary genre was very famous during the second half of the 18th century and first half of the 19th century. Gothic novels, in general, are set in picturesque settings featuring castles, dungeons and darkness, chosen as the scene of terrible crimes which contribute to the suspense and fear pervading the whole novel.
They are characterized by a sinister, gloomy atmosphere and supernatural events, and their main characters are usually an evil and a mysterious man who persecutes a young and innocent girl. The other characters of this novel are wanderers and supernatural events.
In 1818, Mary and Percy moved to Italy, where she gave birth to Percy Florence.
In 1822, Mary’s husband drowned during a sailing trip from Leghorn to La Spezia.
A year later, Mary returned to England, where she devoted herself totally to the writing career, in order to raise her son.
In this period she wrote The Last Man, a story of the destruction of mankind by a plague until one man has survived.
She spent the last years in the disease, probably having a cerebral tumour.
For this reason, she died in 1851.
They are characterized by a sinister, gloomy atmosphere and supernatural events, and their main characters are usually an evil and a mysterious man who persecutes a young and innocent girl. The other characters of this novel are wanderers and supernatural events.
In 1818, Mary and Percy moved to Italy, where she gave birth to Percy Florence.
In 1822, Mary’s husband drowned during a sailing trip from Leghorn to La Spezia.
A year later, Mary returned to England, where she devoted herself totally to the writing career, in order to raise her son.
In this period she wrote The Last Man, a story of the destruction of mankind by a plague until one man has survived.
She spent the last years in the disease, probably having a cerebral tumour.
For this reason, she died in 1851.
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