Animal Farm , written by George Orwell , is a political fable that tells the story of a group of farm animals who rebel against their cruel human master, hoping to create a society where all animals are equal, free, and happy. Inspired by the dream of the wise old pig Old Major, the animals overthrow the farmer Mr. Jones and take control of the farm, renaming it Animal Farm. At first, the animals work together to build an egalitarian community based on the principles of Animalism, summarized in the Seven Commandments painted on the barn wall. However, over time, the pigs—led by the cunning and power-hungry Napoleon—begin to seize control. They gradually assume privileges, manipulate language and truth, and use fear and propaganda to maintain power. Eventually, they become indistinguishable from the humans they once overthrew. This allegory clearly reflects the events of the Russian Revolution of 1917 and the rise of Stalinism. The animals represent different social and political groups...
Geoffrey Chaucer
Life
Geoffrey Chaucer was born in London into a middle-class family in 1343.
His father sent him to be a pageboy in the household of Prince Lionel.
In 1359 during one of Edward III 's frequent expeditions in France, Geoffrey Chaucer was captured and was ransomed for a large sum.
In addition to diplomatic trips to France, Chaucer also went to Flanders and to Italy.
He became Justice of the Peace and Knight of the Shire for Kent and its Member of Parliament in 1386.
At the end of his life, he rentered a house in the garden of Westminster Abbey.
He died in 1400.
His father sent him to be a pageboy in the household of Prince Lionel.
In 1359 during one of Edward III 's frequent expeditions in France, Geoffrey Chaucer was captured and was ransomed for a large sum.
In addition to diplomatic trips to France, Chaucer also went to Flanders and to Italy.
He became Justice of the Peace and Knight of the Shire for Kent and its Member of Parliament in 1386.
At the end of his life, he rentered a house in the garden of Westminster Abbey.
He died in 1400.
Geoffrey Chaucer was buried in Westminster Abbey, in a wing that would later take the name of Poets' Corner.
Chaucer's literary production is divided into three phases: French, Italian and English.
During his French phase his poetic models were the long allegorical poems on courtly love such as Le roman de la rose.
In his Italian phase the best work is Troilus and Criseyde.
The poem shows great technical ability and is a psychologically penetrating discussion on the nature of human love.
His English phase is best represented by The Canterbury tales , a collection of verse tales which is one of the major works in English literature.
Chaucer is called the father of English poetry because he established the East Midlands and London dialect as the dominant form of literary language.
Chaucer was also a great metrical innovator: he introduced the five-stress line into English versification, technically known as the iambic pentameter.
During his French phase his poetic models were the long allegorical poems on courtly love such as Le roman de la rose.
In his Italian phase the best work is Troilus and Criseyde.
The poem shows great technical ability and is a psychologically penetrating discussion on the nature of human love.
His English phase is best represented by The Canterbury tales , a collection of verse tales which is one of the major works in English literature.
Chaucer is called the father of English poetry because he established the East Midlands and London dialect as the dominant form of literary language.
Chaucer was also a great metrical innovator: he introduced the five-stress line into English versification, technically known as the iambic pentameter.
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