Contesto generale La novella di Cisti il fornaio è la seconda della sesta giornata del Decameron di Boccaccio. In questa giornata, tutte le novelle hanno un tema comune: il modo elegante e intelligente (con arte e garbo) con cui i personaggi riescono a rispondere a situazioni difficili, spesso grazie all’arguzia, alla prontezza di spirito o all’uso sapiente delle parole (i cosiddetti “motti”). La narratrice è Pampinea, una delle sette giovani protagoniste del Decameron, che introduce la novella con una riflessione: a volte la natura e la fortuna premiano persone di umili origini, dotandole di un'anima nobile e virtuosa, proprio come accade a Cisti. Trama in breve Cisti è un fornaio fiorentino, quindi un uomo del popolo, ma di grande eleganza, educazione e intelligenza. Egli possiede un ottimo vino bianco, che desidera offrire a Geri Spina, un nobile fiorentino che ogni giorno passa davanti alla sua bottega insieme agli ambasciatori di papa Bonifacio VIII. Cisti però sa che, ...
Renaissance is a French term which means rebirth.
It signified the rebirth of Classical literature, Greek and Latin, after the centuries in which it had been neglected (from 476 A.D. to 1492).
According to men of the Renaissance, during the Middle Ages the loss of classical learning and art (painting, sculpture and architecture) had meant the death of civilization.
Renaissance contemplated the development of man's capacities not just for artistic but also for social purposes.
The English Renaissance was late in comparison with other European movements which supported Classical tradition.
The new learning (as Humanism) was established in the network of Grammar schools as the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge.
Humanists played a major role in shaping the new Church of England, particularly with regard to the translation of the Bible and the Psalms.
Humanism had made the study of Greek in order to translate the Old and New Testaments into English.
This cultural movement culminated in the Authorised Version of the Bible (1611), also called King James' Version, because it was promoted by King James I.
A blow to traditional beliefs came from the new philosophers best represented by Francis Bacon.
As live science, philosophy rejected the old deductive method in favour of the inductive method, which from particular facts formed general truths.
This meant that personal experience, the sense experience, was more important in the establishment of truth than traditional ideas.
It was another step in the direction of individual thinking and against accepted authority.
It ran parallel to the Reformation with its rejection of a central Church authority in favour of individual conscience.
This rational outlook was at the centre of the philosophy of Thomas Hobbes.

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