Contesto generale La novella di Cisti il fornaio è la seconda della sesta giornata del Decameron di Boccaccio. In questa giornata, tutte le novelle hanno un tema comune: il modo elegante e intelligente (con arte e garbo) con cui i personaggi riescono a rispondere a situazioni difficili, spesso grazie all’arguzia, alla prontezza di spirito o all’uso sapiente delle parole (i cosiddetti “motti”). La narratrice è Pampinea, una delle sette giovani protagoniste del Decameron, che introduce la novella con una riflessione: a volte la natura e la fortuna premiano persone di umili origini, dotandole di un'anima nobile e virtuosa, proprio come accade a Cisti. Trama in breve Cisti è un fornaio fiorentino, quindi un uomo del popolo, ma di grande eleganza, educazione e intelligenza. Egli possiede un ottimo vino bianco, che desidera offrire a Geri Spina, un nobile fiorentino che ogni giorno passa davanti alla sua bottega insieme agli ambasciatori di papa Bonifacio VIII. Cisti però sa che, ...
When Elizabeth I came to the throne , the country needed a period of internal peace and to put up with its Catholic enemies as Spain.
Queen Elizabeth I managed to steer the Church of England between the two poles of Catholicism and of Protestantism, in the form of Puritanism, in order to purify England Church from all statements which weren't foreseen by the Holy Scriptures.
In this way England was united and there was a period of peace.
The most powerful factor of unity was patriotism, which was particurarly strong during the years of the conflict with Spain.
It was also evident in Renaissance art: Englishmen, following the continental explame, wanted to create a literary counterpart to England's victories on sea and land.
Some examples were Chronicle by Edward Hall and Chronicles by Raphael Holinshed, which formed the historical background to some of William Shakespeare's historical plays.
In this period, the Elizabethan theatres were built in order to celebrate England with its kings and queens.
Moreover, Elizabeth I knew the development of colonies was the solution to economic problems of England; so, she encouraged the expansion of the navy.
It was an age of wars, commerce and the travel and expeditions featured strongly in people's minds.
In 1588 Philip II prepared a huge fleet named the Invincible Armada for the invasion of England.
In the English Channel, the light English ships easily outmanoeuvred the heavy Spanish galleons: the rest of the Armada being finished off by heavy storms.
During this period, perhaps the most typical figure of the Elizabethan Age was the navigator, a sea-adventurer or pirate who attacked foreign merchant ships and dealt in the slave trade.
One of the most important navigator was sir Francis Drake, who was ploclaimed Knight by Queen Elizabeth I because he was the first navigator to circumnavigate the world.
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Sir Francis Drake |
Apart from professional navigators, many Renaissance Englishmen participated in England's sea fortune.
For example, sir Walter Raleigh, a refined courtier, writer and philosopher, was the first man to discover and name the North American territory Virginia, in honour of Queen Elizabeth I, the so-called Virgin Queen.
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Sir Walter Raleigh |
However, far from the court of Elizabeth I, the lower classes faced a difficult time in which the unemployment was high.
The fencing off for the purpose of sheep-rearing, large plots and land cultivated by English peasants meant that many families were turned off their land and were often reduced to begging for food.
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