“Dubliners” is a collection of fifteen short stories written by James Joyce in which the author analyses the failure of self-realisation of inhabitants of Dublin in biographical and in psychological ways. The novel was originally turned down by publishers because they considered it immoral for its portrait of the Irish city. Joyce treats in “Dubliners” the paralysis of will in four stages: childhood, youth, maturity and public life. The paralysis of will is the courage and self-knowledge that leads ordinary men and women to accept the limitations imposed by the social context they live in. In “Dubliners” the style is both realistic - to the degree of perfectly recreating characters and idioms of contemporary Dublin - and symbolic – giving the common object unforeseen depth and a new meaning in order to show a new view of reality. Joyce defines this effect “epiphany” which indicates that moment when a simple fact suddenly explodes with meaning and makes a person realise his / her condi
William Shakespeare was born on 23rd April 1564 in Stratford-upon-Avon, in Warwickshire.
His father belonged to the corporation of glovers and was Bailiff of Stratford; his mother came from an important country family.
In his youth, he probably attended Stratford's Grammar School because the knowledge of Latin, Greek and rhetoric emerges in his plays.
When he was 18 he married Anne Hathaway and they had three children.
At this time is probably that he decided to go to London to work in the theatre because of some economic problems.
By 1592 Shakespeare was active in London as an actor and playwright.
He achieved a reputation as a poet for his mythological works: Venus and Adonis and The rape of Lucrece.
Shakespeare was also defined, together with The Sonnets, lyrical poet.
He became the first member of Lord Chamberlain's Men, one of London's leading companies of players (after the accession of James I the company took the name King's Men).
Then, he excelled in all the dramatic genres in vogue: comedies, tragedies and historical plays.
Shakespeare also became co-owner of the Globe Theatre when it opened in 1599.
Thanks to his great success, he earned enough to be able to retire to Stratford.
He died here in 1616.
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