“Dubliners” is a collection of fifteen short stories written by James Joyce in which the author analyses the failure of self-realisation of inhabitants of Dublin in biographical and in psychological ways. The novel was originally turned down by publishers because they considered it immoral for its portrait of the Irish city. Joyce treats in “Dubliners” the paralysis of will in four stages: childhood, youth, maturity and public life. The paralysis of will is the courage and self-knowledge that leads ordinary men and women to accept the limitations imposed by the social context they live in. In “Dubliners” the style is both realistic - to the degree of perfectly recreating characters and idioms of contemporary Dublin - and symbolic – giving the common object unforeseen depth and a new meaning in order to show a new view of reality. Joyce defines this effect “epiphany” which indicates that moment when a simple fact suddenly explodes with meaning and makes a person realise his / her condi
How technology has changed our lives from George Orwell's 1984 to our times
When you read the novel 1984 written by George Orwell and, then, you deepen its themes, you’ll probably be a bit skeptical or supporter of the beginning of the Big Brother Era.
It must be recognized that many of the author's "visions" are exactly present in modern reality: the use of new technologies and related "language" has become increasingly decisive and frequent, to the point that it is becoming "essential" in our existences.
Smartphones and social networks are the tools that have literally changed our customs and influenced our social behaviors and habits, sometimes in a negative way.
1984 is a dystopian novel that represents a future society, in which some social, political and technological tendencies are manipulated by Big Brother, a dictator who uses technology to control everything and everyone.
In this novel, Orwell, through the main characters Winston and Julia, proposes the model of future society in two scenarios:
- the "totalitarian" one, where the author describes a "dictatorship" in a society divided into social classes, educated to a single lifestyle and controlled through microspies, cameras and microphones;
- the "post-apocalyptic" one, a society that is heartily and ill as a result of a serious event. The two protagonists, after “treatment”, will lose their individuality and become automatons forced to unconditionally serve Big Brother.
The two protagonists of the novel, Winston Smith and his partner Julia seem to find only in love and sexuality an escape to a society of slaves, automatons, lacked of identity and freedom.
Another theme covered by Orwell is the inability of contemporary man to communicate with others. He establishes superficial relationships through Internet and virtual communities and expresses his thoughts mechanically by text message.
In this way, many relationships deprived of emotions and feelings are considered goods of trade or consumer products.
Another important theme is the manipulation of information and knowledge.
The mass media often use language characterized by foreign words that change the meaning of a term, thus nullifying the past.
1984 has incredibly anticipated modern society in its evolution and contradictions. Terrorism, cyberwars, espionage, the dominion of technology over man are no longer simple "visions" of a writer but reality.
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