Contesto generale La novella di Cisti il fornaio è la seconda della sesta giornata del Decameron di Boccaccio. In questa giornata, tutte le novelle hanno un tema comune: il modo elegante e intelligente (con arte e garbo) con cui i personaggi riescono a rispondere a situazioni difficili, spesso grazie all’arguzia, alla prontezza di spirito o all’uso sapiente delle parole (i cosiddetti “motti”). La narratrice è Pampinea, una delle sette giovani protagoniste del Decameron, che introduce la novella con una riflessione: a volte la natura e la fortuna premiano persone di umili origini, dotandole di un'anima nobile e virtuosa, proprio come accade a Cisti. Trama in breve Cisti è un fornaio fiorentino, quindi un uomo del popolo, ma di grande eleganza, educazione e intelligenza. Egli possiede un ottimo vino bianco, che desidera offrire a Geri Spina, un nobile fiorentino che ogni giorno passa davanti alla sua bottega insieme agli ambasciatori di papa Bonifacio VIII. Cisti però sa che, ...
In our time the term "victorian" means prudishness, an extreme propriety, often hypocritical, in behaviour or speech.
In fact, many of the unpleasant sides of the Victorians' were inherited from the previous age and were also hidden after Victoria's death.
Others were derived from the philosophical and social theories of the time.
The utilitarianism was one of the most unpleasant sides of this period.
The utilitarian philosophers, e.g. Jeremy Bentham, claimed that everything had to be judged according to standards of utility and how much it promoted the material happiness of the greatest number of people.
But, this led to unrestrained exploitation of human and natural resources.
The Victorian establishment refused to admit the existence of an utilitarian philosophy of life, trying to hide this aspect behind a veil of respectability and facile optimism.
This was the so called Victorian compromise.
The outward strictness of Victorian morals and behaviour were inconsistent with what was going on society. For example, the upper class couldn't tolerate the word "leg" spoken in polite society - both women's and table legs were covered with long skirts - but didn't care about the social conditions that forced poor women into prostitution.
As the century advanced, Victorian moral standards began to break down and some writers like Robert Louis Stevenson began to expose the hypocrisy of Victorian society.
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